Interpositioning

Unveiling Interpositioning: Navigating the Shadows of Securities Trading

In the intricate landscape of securities trading, a clandestine practice lurks beneath the surface, known as interpositioning. But what exactly is interpositioning, and how does it impact investors and the financial market? Let's embark on a journey to uncover the nuances of this illicit maneuver and its implications for the world of finance.

Understanding Interpositioning

Interpositioning, a deceptive tactic in securities transactions, involves the insertion of an unnecessary third party, typically another broker-dealer, between the customer and the best available market price. The primary objective of interpositioning is to siphon additional commissions at the expense of the customer, undermining the principles of fair and transparent trading.

The Mechanics of Interpositioning

At its core, interpositioning operates as part of a mutual benefit strategy, wherein commissions are funneled to the interposed broker-dealer in exchange for referrals or other financial incentives. This nefarious practice often occurs at the highest echelons of trade, involving specialists, broker-dealers, hedge funds, and institutional investor accounts.

Illustrating Interpositioning: A Case Study

To grasp the ramifications of interpositioning, consider a scenario where Broker A persuades a customer to purchase a security from Broker Z. In this scheme, Broker Z acquires the security from a market maker, adds a markup, and passes it on to Broker A. Subsequently, Broker A tacks on another markup before delivering the security to the customer. Consequently, the customer incurs dual layers of fees, eroding their profits or exacerbating losses.

Legal Ramifications and Enforcement

Interpositioning contravenes the Investment Company Act of 1940, which prohibits money managers from engaging in practices that defraud or deceive clients. Moreover, regulatory bodies such as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) have established stringent guidelines, notably Rule 5310, to combat interpositioning and safeguard investor interests.

The Regulatory Framework: Rule 5310

FINRA Rule 5310, also known as the Best Execution and Interpositioning rule, sets forth standards mandating broker-dealers to exercise reasonable diligence in ensuring the best execution for customers. This includes assessing various market factors and refraining from interjecting unnecessary third parties between the member and the best market for the subject security.

Upholding Market Integrity

In recent history, instances of widespread interpositioning have prompted regulatory action and hefty penalties. For instance, the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) initiated a landmark settlement, amounting to $241.8 million, against five firms implicated in interpositioning practices from 1999 to 2003.